The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking (Standardised) Data from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

Evento de muestreo
Última versión publicado por SCAR - AntOBIS el sep 30, 2020 SCAR - AntOBIS
Fecha de publicación:
30 de septiembre de 2020
Publicado por:
SCAR - AntOBIS
Licencia:
CC-BY 4.0

Descargue la última versión de los datos como un Archivo Darwin Core (DwC-A) o los metadatos como EML o RTF:

Datos como un archivo DwC-A descargar 4.060 registros en Inglés (81 MB) - Frecuencia de actualización: cuando sea necesario
Metadatos como un archivo EML descargar en Inglés (53 KB)
Metadatos como un archivo RTF descargar en Inglés (43 KB)

Descripción

The Southern Ocean is a remote, hostile environment where conducting marine biology is challenging, so we know relatively little about this important region, which is critical as a habitat for breeding and foraging of many marine endotherms. Scientists from around the world have been tracking seals, penguins, petrels, whales and albatrosses for more than two decades to learn how they spend their time at sea. The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD), was initiated by the SCAR Expert Group on Marine Mammals (EG-BAMM) in 2010. This team has assembled tracking data shared by 38 biologists from 11 different countries to accumulate the largest animal tracking database in the world, containing information from 15 species, containing over 3,400 individual animals and almost 2.5 million at-sea locations. Analysing a dataset of this size brings its own challenges and the team is developing new and innovative statistical approaches to integrate these complex data. When complete RAATD will provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, help predict the future of top predator distribution and help with spatial management planning.

Registros

Los datos en este recurso de evento de muestreo han sido publicados como Archivo Darwin Core(DwC-A), el cual es un formato estándar para compartir datos de biodiversidad como un conjunto de una o más tablas de datos. La tabla de datos del core contiene 4.060 registros.

también existen 1 tablas de datos de extensiones. Un registro en una extensión provee información adicional sobre un registro en el core. El número de registros en cada tabla de datos de la extensión se ilustra a continuación.

Event (core)
4060
Occurrence 
2331595

Este IPT archiva los datos y, por lo tanto, sirve como repositorio de datos. Los datos y los metadatos del recurso están disponibles para su descarga en la sección descargas. La tabla versiones enumera otras versiones del recurso que se han puesto a disposición del público y permite seguir los cambios realizados en el recurso a lo largo del tiempo.

Versiones

La siguiente tabla muestra sólo las versiones publicadas del recurso que son de acceso público.

¿Cómo referenciar?

Los usuarios deben citar este trabajo de la siguiente manera:

Ropert-Coudert Y, Van de Putte A P, Bornemann H, Charrassin J, Costa D P, Danis B, Hückstädt L A, Jonsen I D, Lea M, Reisinger R R, Thompson D, Torres L G, Trathan P N, Wotherspoon S, Ainley D G, Alderman R, Andrews-Goff V, Arthur B, Ballard G, Bengtson J, Bester M N, Boehme L, Bost C, Boveng P, Cleeland J, Constantine R, Crawford R J M, Dalla Rosa L, de Bruyn P N, Delord K, Descamps S, Double M, Emmerson L, Fedak M, Friedlander A, Gales N, Goebel M, Goetz K T, Guinet C, Goldsworthy S D, Harcourt R, Hinke J, Jerosch K, Kato A, Kerry K R, Kirkwood R, Kooyma G L, Kovacs K M, Lawton K, Lowther A D, Lydersen C, Lyver P O, Makhado A B, Márquez M E I, McDonald B, McMahon C, Muelbert M, Nachtsheim D, Nicholls K W, Nordøy E S, Olmastroni S, Phillips R A, Pistorius P, Plötz J, Pütz K, Ratcliffe N, Ryan P G, Santos M, Schytte Blix A, Southwell C, Staniland I, Takahashi A, Tarroux A, Trivelpiece W, Wakefield E, Weimerskirch H, Wienecke B, Xavier J C, Raymond B, Hindell M A (2020): The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking (Standardised) Data from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. v1.3. SCAR - AntOBIS. Dataset/Metadata. https://ipt.biodiversity.aq/resource?r=raatd_scar_trackingdata&v=1.3

Derechos

Los usuarios deben respetar los siguientes derechos de uso:

El publicador y propietario de los derechos de este trabajo es SCAR - AntOBIS. Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons de Atribución/Reconocimiento (CC-BY 4.0).

Registro GBIF

Este recurso ha sido registrado en GBIF con el siguiente UUID: b86fe411-8e62-4cd0-aab2-914d75401598.  SCAR - AntOBIS publica este recurso y está registrado en GBIF como un publicador de datos avalado por Ocean Biodiversity Information System.

Palabras clave

Occurrence; ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR BIRDS ALBATROSSES/PETRELS AND ALLIES PENGUINS MAMMALS SEALS/SEA LIONS/WALRUSES BALEEN WHALES

Datos externos

Los datos del recurso también están disponibles en otros formatos

Contactos

Yan Ropert-Coudert
  • Autor
  • Originador
  • Punto De Contacto
Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-Université de La Rochelle
CNRS UMR7372
79360 Villiers-en-Bois
FR
Anton P. Van de Putte
  • Originador
  • Punto De Contacto
BEDIC, OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences
Rue Vautierstraat 29
B-1000 Brussels
BE
Horst Bornemann
  • Autor
  • Originador
Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
Am Handelshafen 12
27570 Bremerhaven
Jean-Benoît Charrassin
  • Autor
  • Originador
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University, Paris 06
FR
Daniel P. Costa
  • Autor
  • Originador
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz
US
Bruno Danis
  • Autor
  • Originador
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Marine Biology Lab
Luis A. Hückstädt
  • Originador
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz
US
Ian D. Jonsen
  • Originador
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University
Mary-Anne Lea
  • Autor
  • Originador
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania
Ryan R. Reisinger
  • Autor
  • Originador
Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d’Écologie de Chizé-Université de La Rochelle
David Thompson
  • Autor
  • Originador
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd
Leigh G. Torres
  • Autor
  • Originador
Hatfield Marine Science Center
Philip N. Trathan
  • Autor
  • Originador
British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council
Simon Wotherspoon
  • Autor
  • Originador
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania
David G Ainley
  • Originador
Rachael Alderman
  • Originador
Virginia Andrews-Goff
  • Originador
Ben Arthur
  • Originador
Grant Ballard
  • Originador
John Bengtson
  • Originador
Marthán N. Bester
  • Originador
Lars Boehme
  • Originador
Charles-André Bost
  • Originador
Peter Boveng
  • Originador
Jaimie Cleeland
  • Originador
Rochelle Constantine
  • Originador
Robert J. M. Crawford
  • Originador
Luciano Dalla Rosa
  • Originador
P.J. Nico de Bruyn
  • Originador
Karine Delord
  • Originador
Sébastien Descamps
  • Originador
Mike Double
  • Originador
Louise Emmerson
  • Originador
Mike Fedak
  • Originador
Ari Friedlander
  • Originador
Nick Gales
  • Originador
Mike Goebel
  • Originador
Kimberly T. Goetz
  • Originador
Christophe Guinet
  • Originador
Simon D. Goldsworthy
  • Originador
Rob Harcourt
  • Originador
Jefferson Hinke
  • Originador
Kerstin Jerosch
  • Originador
Akiko Kato
  • Originador
Knowles R. Kerry
  • Originador
Roger Kirkwood
  • Originador
Gerald L. Kooyma
  • Originador
Kit M. Kovacs
  • Originador
Kieran Lawton
  • Originador
Andrew D. Lowther
  • Originador
Christian Lydersen
  • Originador
Phil O'B. Lyver
  • Originador
Azwianewi B. Makhado
  • Originador
Maria E. I. Márquez
  • Originador
Birgitte McDonald
  • Originador
Clive McMahon
  • Originador
Monica Muelbert
  • Originador
Dominik Nachtsheim
  • Originador
Keith W. Nicholls
  • Originador
Erling S. Nordøy
  • Originador
Silvia Olmastroni
  • Originador
Richard A. Phillips
  • Originador
Pierre Pistorius
  • Originador
Joachim Plötz
  • Originador
Klemens Pütz
  • Originador
Norman Ratcliffe
  • Originador
Peter G. Ryan
  • Originador
Mercedes Santos
  • Originador
Arnoldus Schytte Blix
  • Originador
Colin Southwell
  • Originador
Iain Staniland
  • Originador
Akinori Takahashi
  • Originador
Arnaud Tarroux
  • Originador
Wayne Trivelpiece
  • Originador
Ewan Wakefield
  • Originador
Henri Weimerskirch
  • Originador
Barbara Wienecke
  • Originador
José C. Xavier
  • Originador
Ben Raymond
  • Autor
  • Originador
Mark A. Hindell
  • Originador
Anton Van de Putte
  • Proveedor De Los Metadatos
  • Autor
BEDIC, OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences
Rue Vautierstraat 29
B-1000 Brussels
BE
Mark Hindell
  • Autor
Professor
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania,
Hobart
AU
Luis Huckstadt
  • Autor
Researcher
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab
115 McAllister Way
CA 95060 Santa Cruz
California
US
Ian D Jonsen
  • Autor
Professor
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University
Sydney, NSW 2109 Sydney
AU
David G. Ainley
  • Proveedor De Contenido
H.T. Harvey & Associates
983 University Avenue
CA 95032 Los Gatos
California
US

Cobertura geográfica

The dataset is restricted to the Southern Ocean, in a broad sense. All species considered in this dataset have circumpolar distributions with a longitudinal range spanning 180°W to 180°E. The species breed either on the coast of the Antarctic continent or on the sub-Antarctic islands to the north

Coordenadas límite Latitud Mínima Longitud Mínima [-90, -180], Latitud Máxima Longitud Máxima [-40, 180]

Cobertura taxonómica

Seventeen species of meso- and top predators were included in the dataset, five marine mammals (one baleen whale, one otariid and three phocid seals) and twelve seabirds (five penguin, five albatross, and two petrels). The species cover a diverse range of ecological niches and life history traits and include dietary specialists (e.g. crabeater seals), deep divers (e.g. elephant seal Mirounga leonina and emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri), wide ranging, highly migratory species (e.g. wandering albatross Diomedea exulans), nearshore foragers (e.g. Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae) and capital (e.g. Weddell seal) versus income (e.g. Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella) breeders.

Especie Pygoscelis adeliae (Adelie penguin), Aptenodytes forsteri (Emperor penguin), Thalassarche melanophris (Black browed albatross), Eudyptes chrysolophus (Macaroni penguin), Aptenodytes patagonicus (King penguin), Thalassarche chrysostoma (Grey headed albatross), Diomedea exulans (Wandering albatross), Phoebetria palpebrata (Light mantled albatross), Phoebetria fusca (Dark mantled sooty albatross), Thalassoica antarctica (Antarctic petrel), Procellaria aequinoctialis (White-chinned petrel), Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seals), Leptonychotes weddellii (Weddell seals), Lobodon carcinophagus (Crabeater seals), Arctocephalus gazella (Antarctic fur seals), Megaptera novaeangliae (Humpback whales)

Cobertura temporal

Fecha Inicial / Fecha Final 1991-01-01 / 2015-12-31

Datos del proyecto

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) was initiated in 2010 by the Expert Group on Birds and Marine Mammals (EG-BAMM) and the Expert Group on Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics (EGABI) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). RAATD aims to advance our understanding of both fundamental and applied questions in a data-driven way, matching research priorities already identified by the SCAR Horizon Scanand key questions in animal movement ecology. For these reasons, we worked on the collation, validation and preparation of tracking data collected south of 45° S. Data from over 70 contributors were collated. This database includes information from 17 predator species, including 4,060 individuals and over 2.9 million at-sea locations. To exploit this unique dataset, RAATD undertook a multi-species assessment of habitat use for higher predators in the Southern Ocean (Hindell et al. in prep.).

Título Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking data
Identificador RAATD
Fuentes de Financiación Support and funding were provided by supranational committees and organisations including the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Life Science Group and BirdLife International, as well as from various national institutions (see also author affiliations) and foundations, including but not limited to Argentina (Dirección Nacional del Antártico), Australia (Australian Antarctic program; Australian Research Council; Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc., IMOS is a national collaborative research infrastructure, supported by the Australian Government and operated by a consortium of institutions as an unincorporated joint venture, with the University of Tasmania as Lead Agent), Belgium (Belgian Science Policy Office), Brazil (Brazilian Antarctic Programme; Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq/MCTI) and CAPES), France (Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; CESAB-FRB as part of the activities of the RAATD Working Group; Fondation Total; Institut Paul-Emile Victor; Programme Zone Atelier de Recherches sur l’Environnement Antarctique et Subantarctique; Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises), Germany (Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg - Institute for Advanced Study), Italy (Italian National Antarctic Research Program; Ministry for Education University and Research), Japan (Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition; JSPS Kakenhi grant; National Science Foundation), Monaco (Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco), New Zealand (National Environmental Research Council, Norway (National Environmental Research Council; Norwegian Antarctic Research Expeditions; Norwegian Research Council), Portugal (Foundation for Science and Technology), South Africa (Department of Environmental Affairs; National Research Foundation; South African National Antarctic Programme), UK (Darwin Plus; Ecosystems Programme at the British Antarctic Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; WWF), and USA (U.S. AMLR Program of NOAA Fisheries; US Office of Polar Programs).

Personas asociadas al proyecto:

Mark Hindell
  • Editor
Yan Ropert-Coudert
  • Editor
Anton Van de Putte
  • Autor

Métodos de muestreo

Original deployment of tracking devices The RAATD core group (Fig. 1) aggregated data from three types of tracking device used by individual research teams. In increasing order of precision these are light recording Global Location Sensors (GLS loggers or geolocators), satellite-relayed Platform Terminal Transmitters (PTTs), and Global Positioning System devices (GPS). Typically, GLS and GPS devices record data in internal memory, and so must be physically recovered in order to download the data. PTTs transmit a carrier signal to satellites, and so can deliver data remotely and in near-real time. Some modern devices now combine the capabilities of PTT and GPS (or other) devices, relaying data to satellites. A GLS device, which is the smallest thus allowing deployment on the smaller predators, typically records ambient light levels through the day from which relatively coarse estimates of latitude and longitude can be calculated (~100–200 km) using day length and timing of local noon. Some GLS units can also record sea surface temperature, and this can help refine position estimates. GLS locations were estimated by the data contributors using five methods (Phillips et al. 2004, Sumner et al. 2009, Lisovski & Hahn 2012, Bindoff 2017, Wotherspoon 2017) (Supplementary File S2). With very small batteries, the data are usually archived and thus animals must be recaptured to download the data. GPS tags make use of global navigation satellite systems and provide very high resolution (~10 m) location fixes and time information. PTT tags transmit signals to ARGOS satellites which transfer the received signals and their frequencies to a receiving station at the Collecte de Localisation Satellites (CLS) in Toulouse, France, to estimate locations based on Doppler shifts in the received signals to a medium level of accuracy(~1,000 m). Processing by CLS involved a least-squares filtering method up to 2008, thereafter using Kalman filters (Lopez et al. 2014). Different models of GLS, PTT, and GPS devices from different manufactures have been used throughout the years, each of these having specific characteristics (size, operating modes, etc.) that may influence accuracy of the locations, but as device type was not always provided by the data providers, we applied standard corrections (see below). Device attachment to animals was also species-specific. When loggers are small enough, like GLS, they are mounted on leg or flipper bands, while larger data-loggers and transmitters are often attached to the plumage or fur on the back or head of the animal, a position that optimizes data communication with satellites. Modes of attachment on the back varied from using harnesses, glue or marine tape. For whales, transmitters with cutaneous anchors were attached to the back, using poles, cross bows or air guns. Scientists limited handling time and stress as much as possible during attachment and retrieval of devices (e.g. Field et al. 2012), following established animal handling guidelines, and institutional ethical review. However, it should be noted that our dataset contains tracking data that span almost three decades during which time substantial progress has been made in terms of miniaturization and advances in electronic components. Any adverse effects of devices on animals are therefore likely to be less acute in recent years than in the earlier years of tracking. Consideration of adverse reaction on study animals has been reviewed in the past (e.g. Phillips et al. 2003, Vandenabeele et al. 2012, Bannasch et al. 1994).

Área de Estudio All species considered in this dataset have circumpolar distributions with a longitudinal range spanning 180°W to 180°E. The species breed either on the coast of the Antarctic continent or on the sub-Antarctic islands to the north. Species with geographically limited distributions (such as chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarcticus) were not included. In addition, a number of deployments in the Antarctic (crabeater seals Lobodon carcinophagus and Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddellii) were conducted in the pack ice at un-named locations. Similarly, humpback whales Megaptera novaengeliae were instrumented at sea either off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula or off Australia.

Descripción de la metodología paso a paso:

  1. Data Collection Starting from 2010, the core group of RAATD compiled a catalogue of existing (both published and unpublished) tracking data by contacting international experts and asking them to contribute data. The data collection phase ended in 2016. Besides directly contacting researchers, the team also harvested data from existing repositories, including the Australian Antarctic Data Center (https://data.aad.gov.au/), the Integrated Marine Observing System (http://imos.org.au/), PANGAEA (https://www.pangaea.de/), BirdLife International (http://www.seabirdtracking.org/), the Antarctic Biodiversity Portal (http://www.biodiversity.aq/), Ocean Biogeographic Information System (http://www.iobis.org/), and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (http://www.gbif.org/).
  2. Associated metadata Where available, information on the deployment site and relevant characteristics of the animal at the time of deployment was standardized by the data editors. Where age class and sex were known, these were included in the metadata
  3. Data standardization Location dates and times were converted to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). Records with missing latitude or longitude values were removed, and all longitudes were transformed to lie between 180° W and 180° E. Data files were row-ordered by individual, with rows within an individual in their correct temporal sequence. Near-duplicate positions were removed, those positions defined as having occurred 3 seconds or less after an existing position fix from the same animal, and which had identical longitude and latitude values (for GPS devices) or longitude and latitude values that differed by less than 1e-05 and which had the same location quality value (for PTT devices). Entries in the age class, breeding stage, device type, location quality, scientific, common, and abbreviated name, sex, and deployment site columns were validated against controlled vocabularies. Mandatory entries (e.g. deployment date, device type, individual animal identifier) were checked for missing values. Deployment locations were recorded by the original field team either at the individual animal level (using e.g. a hand-held GPS device) or at the deployment-site level (i.e. one deployment location per group of animals). The latter was common for deployments at colonies, whereas the former was most common for non-colony deployments (e.g. on seals and whales). Where deployment locations were not recorded by the field team, the first location estimate(s) in the tracking data were used. Deployment site names were standardized to colony granularity wherever possible (e.g. to the beach-on-island level). Periods at the start or end of deployments were identified and discarded if there was evidence that location data during these periods did not represent the animals’ at-sea movement. For example, tags may have been turned on early (thereby recording locations prior to their deployment on animals) or animals may have remained at the deployment site, e.g. the breeding colony, for an extended period at the start or end of the tag deployment. Some tracks also showed a marked deterioration in the frequency and quality (for PTTs) of location estimates near the end of a track. Such locations were visually identified based on maps of each track in conjunction with plots of location distance from deployment site against time. This information is captured in the location_to_keep column appended to each species’ raw data file (1 = keep, 0 = discard).
  4. Data filtering The trimmed data were subjected to a number of automated quality control checks to remove individual deployments that: 1) were flagged for removal by the Data Editor Group (using the keepornot column in the metadata file); 2) had fewer than 20 location records; and 3) had deployments lasting less than 1 day. Additionally, individual deployments were checked to ensure that: 1) duplicate records in PTTs (locations occurring within 2 min of each other) were removed; 2) PTT Argos Z-class locations were reclassified as B-class locations (the least precise Argos location quality class that has an associated error variance; Jonsen et al. 2005); and 3) locations implying unrealistic travel rates (> 10 m s-1 for penguins and marine mammals and > 30 m s-1 for flying seabirds) were removed. Note that the definition of “duplicate locations” in this filtering context is more aggressive than that used during data standardization: for standardization purposes, the intention was to keep the data as close to original as possible, whereas for filtering the presence of multiple positions in a short period of time (< 2 min) has a negative effect on the filter performance. A state-space model (SSM) was used to estimate locations at regular time intervals (1 h for GPS data; 2 h for Argos data; 12 h for GLS data) and account for measurement error in the original observations (Jonsen et al. 2005, Block et al. 2011). The data were SSM-filtered and subject to a final quality control where tracks that failed to converge, as judged by nlminb convergence criteria (Nash 2014), were re-fit using different initial values. If re-fit tracks continually failed to converge they were removed from the final filtered dataset. For converged tracks, longitude and latitude residuals were examined for systematic trends indicative of lack of fit. Tracks that failed this inspection were removed from the final filtered dataset.
  5. Data publication The core working team of RAATD established a data sharing and publication agreement with all data providers in 2017. The standardized (trimmed) data are held here. The filtered data are published in international repositories (see details below, in the ‘Filtered Data’ section).