Microorganisms in frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice, comparison between different ice types

David Barber1, J.K. Ehn1, M. Pucko1, S. Rysgaard1, J.W. Deming2, J.S. Bowman2, T. Papakyriakou1, R.J. Galley1, D.H. Sogaard3, Maxime Sweetlove4

1 University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; 2 University of Washington, Seattle, United States; 3 Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland; 4 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium

Corresponding author(s): David BarberJ.K. EhnM. PuckoS. RysgaardJ.W. DemingJ.S. BowmanT. PapakyriakouR.J. GalleyD.H. Sogaard, Maxime Sweetlove (msweetlove@naturalsciences.be)

Received {date}; Revised {date}; Accepted {date}; Published {date}

Citation: Combination of authors, year of data paper publication (in parentheses), Title, Journal Name, Volume, Issue number (in parentheses), and doi of the data paper.

Resource Citation

Barber D, Ehn J, Pucko M, Rysgaard S, Deming J, Bowman J, Papakyriakou T, Galley R, Sogaard D (2019): Microorganisms in frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice, comparison between different ice types. v1.0. SCAR - Microbial Antarctic Resource System. Dataset/Metadata. https://ipt.biodiversity.aq/resource?r=microorganisms_in_frost_flowers_on_young_arctic_sea_ice&v=1.0

Abstract

Amplicon sequencing dataset (454 pyrosequencing) of Bacteria in different types of young sea ice and sea ice brines in the Arctic ocean (North-East coast of Greenland)

Keywords: Metadata

Project details

Project title: Microorganisms in frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice, comparison between different ice types
Personnel: David Barber
Funding: Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) and Canada Research Chair programs, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the U.S. National Science Foundation (award OPP‐ARC1205152) and Walters Endowed Professorship (J.W.D.).

Data published through GBIF: https://ipt.biodiversity.aq/resource?r=microorganisms_in_frost_flowers_on_young_arctic_sea_ice

Taxonomic coverage

General taxonomic coverage description: Bacteria were profiled by targeting the 16S ssu rRNA gene (v3-v5 region)
Taxonomic ranks
Domain: Bacteria
Common names: Bacteria

Spatial coverage

General spatial coverage: Young Sound, North-East Greenland
Coordinates: 74°28'4.8''N and 74°28'4.8''N Latitude; 20°18'39.6''W and 20°18'39.6''W Longitude 

Formation period: 2012-03

Methods

Method step description: 
- . 	An area of ~2.5 × 7 m was opened near POLY I at 16:00 geomagnetic time (GMT) on 22 March to expose the ocean to the atmosphere (hereinafter referred to as the “pond” site). The opening of the pond was done using a handheld ice saw by cutting smaller segments that then were pushed to the side underneath the ice cover. A time‐lapse camera was installed at the pond site to document the development of frost flowers as the ice formed in situ. Half of the pond was reopened on 24 March at 15:00 GMT, i.e., after about 47 h of the initial pond opening. At this time, the initial ice was ~12 cm thick. The recurrent polynya at this location will occur as open water (as evidenced by satellite imagery just prior to our arrival) or with a young ice cover (like we experienced); frost flowers are known to occur regularly on this polynya ice.
- . 	DNA was extracted from the different sample types for amplification and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene using the phenol‐chloroform method, as in Bowman et al. (2013). One patch of frost flowers was sampled to obtain the upper centimeter portions separately from the basal portions. The V3–V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified using primers 357F and 926R for 30 cycles. An aliquot of the amplified material, along with positive and negative controls, was visualized on a gel to insure proper fragment length. Amplicons were purified using the GeneJet Purification Kit (Fermentas) and submitted to the Tufts University Sequencing Center, where amplicons underwent a second round amplification for 10 cycles using barcoded primers 517F and 967R. Second round amplicons were gel purified prior to library construction. Sequencing was conducted on the 454 FLX platform (Roche) using titanium chemistry.
Study extent description: The thin‐ice station, POLY I (74°13.905′N, 20°07.701′W, 29–30 cm thick on 22 March, snow covered with varying thickness), was situated in a recurrent winter polynya region about 3 km off the landfast ice edge. 
Sampling description: Frost flowers for microbial analyses were removed from the pond site into sterile 1 L plastic bags using an ethanol‐rinsed spatula. A second scraping over the same surface area yielded the corresponding, operationally defined brine skim, i.e., the surface slush layer. Samples of sea ice were also collected, as described above, along with the samples of seawater and snow from the surrounding area. Samples of frost flowers, the underlying surface slush layer, and snow were melted directly over the shortest possible period (always <12 h, with sample temperature remaining at ≤0°C), while sea ice samples were melted into sterile 0.2 µm filtered brine according to the isohaline approach described by Ewert et al. [2013]. 

Metadata language: English
Date of metadata creation: 2019-03-21
Hierarchy level: Dataset

References
Barber, D. G., Ehn, J. K., Pućko, M., Rysgaard, S., Deming, J. W., Bowman, J. S., ... & Søgaard, D. H. (2014). Frost flowers on young Arctic sea ice: The climatic, chemical, and microbial significance of an emerging ice type. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 119(20), 11-593. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021736